Abstract Background Infectious endocarditis (IE) refers to infection of the endocardial surface of the heart and usually occurs in native or prosthetic valves. Objective This study aimed to raise IE data reflecting the surgical therapy in a University Hospital in the interior of the State of Sao Paulo–Brazil. Method Retrospective and observational approach of 328 patients with IE who underwent surgery between 1982 and 2020 Results The main data (n=121/37%), congestive heart failure (n=114/35%), valve disease (n=92/28%), diabetes mellitus (n=85/26%), chronic kidney disease (n=59/18%), and rheumatic fever (49/15%). Renal failure is one of the main and most relevant pre-surgical risk factors for a poor prognosis. Conclusion For a better clinical and surgical outcome, an early syndromic and etiological diagnosis of IE is necessary, especially in patients with multiple comorbidities.

Resumo Fundamento A endocardite infecciosa (EI) refere-se à infecção da superfície endocárdica do coração e geralmente ocorre em valvas nativas ou protéticas. Objetivo Este estudo teve como objetivo levantar dados de EI refletindo a terapêutica cirúrgica, em um Hospital Universitário do interior do estado de São Paulo – Brasil. Método Abordagem retrospectiva e observacional de 328 pacientes com EI operados entre 1982 e 2020 Resultados Os principais dados (n=121/37%), insuficiência cardíaca congestiva (n=114/35%), valvopatia (n=92/28%), diabetes mellitus (n=85/26%), doença renal crônica (n=59/18%) e febre reumática (49/15%). A insuficiência renal é um dos principais e mais relevantes fatores de risco pré-cirúrgicos para um mau prognóstico. Conclusão Para um melhor resultado clínico e cirúrgico é necessário o diagnóstico sindrômico e etiológico precoce da EI, principalmente em pacientes com múltiplas comorbidades.

Resumen Introducción: El desarrollo embrionario y larvario de los erizos de mar depende en gran medida del estado nutricional materno y de las condiciones ambientales del agua de mar. Objetivo: Comparar el desarrollo de Arbacia dufresnii en dos temperaturas de agua diferentes y en progenies con diferentes orígenes maternos. Métodos: Indujimos a las hembras y machos de A. dufresnii del Golfo Nuevo a desovar, recolectamos los huevos de cada hembra individualmente (progenie), los separamos en dos temperaturas de agua de mar (12 y 17 ° C) y los fertilizamos. Registramos el porcentaje de óvulos fecundados y el porcentaje de embriones por etapa de desarrollo según tiempo, temperatura y descendencia. Medimos el crecimiento larvario según la longitud total (TL) y la longitud corporal de la línea media (M) de acuerdo con el tiempo en días post fecundación, la temperatura y la progenie. Resultados: La temperatura no afectó la fertilización, pero el desarrollo del embrión fue más rápido y más sincronizado en el tratamiento de alta temperatura. Los modelos lineales generalizados indican que el desarrollo del embrión depende una interacción cuádruple entre el estadio embrionario, el tiempo (h), la temperatura del agua de mar y la progenie. El crecimiento larvario fue más rápido, produciendo larvas más grandes a la temperatura más alta. El crecimiento de las larvas depende de una triple interacción entre el tiempo (DPF), la temperatura del agua de mar y la progenie. Conclusiones: Encontramos un impacto en la temperatura y en la progenie durante el desarrollo embrionario y larvario y, en ambos casos, estos factores generaron un efecto sinérgico sobre el tiempo de desarrollo y el tamaño de las larvas. Esto probablemente proporciona una ventaja de supervivencia, ya que una velocidad de desarrollo más rápida implica una disminución en el tiempo que pasan en la columna de agua, donde los erizos de mar son vulnerables a los factores estresantes bióticos y abióticos.

Abstract Introduction: Embryonic and larval development in sea urchins is highly dependent on maternal nutritional status and on the environmental conditions of the seawater. Objective: To compare the development of Arbacia dufresnii in two different water temperatures and in progeny with varying maternal origins. Methods: We induced A. dufresnii females and males from Nuevo Gulf to spawn, collected the eggs of each female individually (progeny), separated them into two seawater temperatures (12 and 17 °C), and fertilized them. We recorded the percentage of fertilized eggs and embryos per developmental stage according to time, temperature and progeny. We measured larval growth by total length (TL) and midline body length (M) according to time post fecundation (DPF), temperature, and progeny. Results: Temperature did not affect fertilization, but embryo development was faster and more synchronized in the high temperature treatment. The generalized linear models indicate that embryo development depends on a quadruple interaction between the embryonic stage, time (h), seawater temperature and progeny. Larval growth was faster, producing larger larvae at the highest temperature. Larval growth depends on a triple interaction between time (DPF), seawater temperature and progeny. Conclusions: We found a temperature and progeny impact during embryonic and larval development and, in both cases, these factors generate a synergistic effect on developmental timing and larval size. This probably provides a survival advantage as a more rapid speed of development implies a decrease in the time spent in the water column, where the sea urchins are vulnerable to biotic and abiotic stressors.

RESUMEN El Complejo de Esclerosis Tuberosa es una enfermedad neurocutánea infrecuente, de característica hereditaria por la mutación de antioncogenes por lo que dentro de sus manifestaciones clínicas están la formación de tumores en diferentes órganos lo que causa una amplia variación de signos y sintomatología. Se presenta el caso clínico de un adulto varón con manifestaciones neurológicas y cutáneas predominantemente.

ABSTRACT Tuberous Sclerosis Complex is an infrequent neurocutaneous disease, hereditary due to the mutation of antioncogenes, so that within its clinical manifestations are the formation of tumors in different organs, causing a wide variation of signs and symptoms. The clinical case of a male adult with predominantly neurological and cutaneous manifestations is presented.

Resumen En el presente estudio se estima el potencial de producción de bioetanol en Ecuador, teóricamente obtenible a partir del aprovechamiento de residuos de cacao; para esto, se formuló un modelo matemático de la hidrólisis ácida en la celulosa de la corteza del cacao y su conversión a etanol por fermentación. Metodológicamente, el estudio se apoya en documentación oficial sobre la cantidad de biomasa residual de este cultivo nacional y provincial, y en un modelo cinético adaptado al caso en estudio. Se obtuvo 8,28 Mml de bioetanol, de cuya mezcla con gasolina extra, en una proporción 5:95 v/v, resulta la gasolina Ecopaís E5C. Se estimó una producción de 166 Mml de E5C, correspondiente al 10 % de la producción nacional para el año 2017 y 56% de la producción para el año 2014, año en el que se estimó la biomasa residual de cacao. Asimismo, la región Costa aporta el 71 % de la producción nacional de bioetanol y de E5C, liderado por la provincia de Guayas, en la cual la gasolina E5 representa el 25% de su consumo en 2017. Se concluye que esta ruta de producción de bioetanol es una opción atractiva de diversificación respecto al cultivo de la caña de azúcar, y agrega valor a una biomasa residual desechada actualmente. Los resultados teóricos constituyen la base para estudios más detallados en provincias que combinan un alto potencial de residuos del cacao y un consumo creciente de E5C, pero deben complementarse con investigaciones de corte experimental para corroborar su validez y aportar elementos que determinen la viabilidad de la ruta de producción de bioetanol estudiada.

Abstract In this study, the theoretically obtainable bioethanol production potential is estimated from the use of cacao residues in Ecuador, through the formulation of a mathematical model of the acid hydrolysis in cellulose of cacao husks and its conversion to ethanol by fermentation. Methodologically, the study was based on official documentation on the national and provincial amount of residual biomass of this crop, and on a kinetic model adapted to the case under study. An amount of 8.28 Mml of bioethanol was obtained, whose mixture with extra gasoline, at a ratio of 5:95 v/v, results in the Ecopaís E5C gasoline. Production of 166 Mml of E5C was estimated, corresponding to 10% of the national production for the year 2017 and 56% of the production for the year 2014, year in which the residual biomass of cacao was estimated. The coastal region contributes with 71% of the national bioethanol and E5C production, led by the province of Guayas, in which E5 gasoline represents 25% of its consumption in 2017. It is concluded that this production route of bioethanol is an attractive diversification option of the current production route based on the cultivation of sugarcane, adding value to residual biomass that is currently discarded. The theoretical results constitute the basis for more detailed studies in those provinces that combine a high potential for cacao residues and increasing consumption of E5 but must be complemented with experimental research to corroborate their validity and provide elements that determine the viability of the bioethanol production route studied.

Resumo A peritonite esclerosante encapsulante (PEE) é uma condição rara e grave, frequentemente associada à diálise peritoneal, caracterizada por obstrução intestinal, que pode ter uma evolução fatal em 20% dos pacientes. Apresenta-se como uma massa de tecido fibroso, recobrindo os tecidos viscerais, e pode comprometer o funcionamento fisiológico de todo o aparelho digestivo. O presente estudo relata um caso de PEE decorrente de diálise peritoneal (DP) devido à insuficiência renal por glomeruloesclerose focal e segmentar. No caso relatado, a paciente foi submetida a DP e passou por dois transplantes renais intervivos. São descritas as técnicas cirúrgicas e as medidas clínicas adotadas, que se revelaram úteis na resolução da obstrução intestinal, com melhora dos efeitos secundários da PEE. A dieta parenteral mostrou ser um importante fator para a manutenção do aporte nutricional, auxiliando na cicatrização e no nível sérico de proteínas, vitaminas e eletrólitos. A terapia com tamoxifeno e a administração de hipossulfito de sódio foram eficientes para retardar o avanço da PEE.

Abstract Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis (EPS) is a severe and rare condition frequently associated with peritoneal dialysis, characterized by bowel obstruction, with lethal consequences in 20% of the patients. The disease presents as a mass of fibrous tissue encapsulating visceral organs that may potentially compromise digestive tract function. This report describes the case of a patient under peritoneal dialysis (PD) due to chronic kidney disease secondary to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis diagnosed with EPS. The patient had undergone two living-donor kidney transplant procedures. Surgical techniques and clinical measures employed to unravel bowel obstruction are described, which have been shown to ameliorate EPS secondary complications. Parenteral nutrition has significantly contributed to afford adequate nutrition, improving tissue healing as well as serum protein levels, vitamins and electrolytes. Therapy with tamoxifen and sodium thiosulfate effectively delayed the development of EPS.

Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver (UESL) consists of a rare malignant neoplasm with a still poorly known etiopathogenesis, affecting mostly children between the ages of 6 and 10 years. It corresponds to 7% of primary liver tumors, and is the fourth most common liver cancer in pediatrics. The diagnosis of UESL is based on a set of imaging findings, age and level of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), which is usually normal, as well as liver function tests. Early diagnosis is hampered by non-specific symptoms, such as abdominal pain, a rapidly growing palpable abdominal mass, fever, weight loss, and gastrointestinal symptoms. The most characteristic image finding is that of a large, unique, and well-defined mass. Ultrasonography shows a predominantly solid and echogenic mass. Computed tomography, on the other hand, shows a mass that takes on a mainly cystic characteristic. Histologically, myxoid tissue with spindle-shaped neoplastic cells is evidenced. Some immunohistochemical studies indicate UESL mesenchymal origin. The macroscopic aspect of the tumor appears as a large hepatic mass, with a predominantly solid component, with some cystic areas, hemorrhage, and necrosis in up to 80% of its surface. The best approach for the treatment of primary liver sarcoma is not yet well defined. Therapeutic options include surgical resection, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and liver transplantation (LT). However, in cases of unresectable tumors, LT is an option that must be considered, since in this histological type both chemotherapy and radiotherapy have questionable benefits. This article aims to report a case of giant UESL, with vascular invasion, submitted to LT with good postoperative evolution and without signs of recurrence after nine months of LT.

O sarcoma embrionário indiferenciado de fígado (SEIF) consiste em uma neoplasia maligna rara com etiopatogenia ainda pouco conhecida, acometendo em sua maioria crianças na faixa etária entre 6 e 10 anos. Corresponde a 7% dos tumores primários de fígado, e é a quarta neoplasia hepática mais frequente na pediatria. O diagnóstico do SEIF se dá em um conjunto de achados de imagem, idade e nível de alfa-fetoproteína (AF), que geralmente está normal, assim como as provas de função hepática. O diagnóstico precoce é prejudicado pelos sintomas inespecíficos, como dor abdominal, massa abdominal palpável de rápido crescimento, febre, perda de peso e sintomas gastrintestinais. O achado de imagem mais característico é o de massa grande, única e bem-delimitada. A ultrassonografia mostra massa predominantemente sólida e ecogênica. Já a tomografia computadorizada evidencia uma massa que assume característica principalmente cística. Histologicamente é evidenciado tecido mixoide com células neoplásicas fusiformes. Alguns estudos imuno-histoquímicos indicam origem mesenquimal do SEIF. O aspecto macroscópico do tumor se apresenta como grande massa hepática, de componente sólido predominantemente, com algumas áreas císticas, hemorragia e necrose em até 80% de sua superfície. Ainda não é bem-definida a melhor abordagem para o tratamento do sarcoma primário de fígado. As opções terapêuticas incluem ressecção cirúrgica, quimioterapia, radioterapia e transplante hepático (TH). Porém, nos casos de tumores irressecáveis, o TH é uma opção que deve ser considerada, uma vez que nesse tipo histológico tanto quimioterapia como radioterapia têm benefício questionável. Este artigo tem por objetivo relatar um caso de SEIF gigante, com invasão vascular, submetido a TH com boa evolução pós-operatória e sem sinais de recidiva após nove meses de TH.

Resumo Dada a importância dos caracteres anatômicos para delimitação de subgrupos de Rubiaceae, a dificuldade na identificação de determinados táxons, bem como aa escassez de trabalhos sobre o grupo no semiárido, este trabalho objetivou caracterizar a anatomia das folhas de 15 espécies pertencentes aos gêneros Borreria (2), Cordiera (1), Eumachia (1), Hexasepalum (4), Mitracarpus (4), Richardia (1), Staelia (1) e Tocoyena (1) coletados na APA Serra Branca/Raso da Catarina (Jeremoabo-BA, Brasil), e destacar os elementos úteis para subsidiar a taxonomia do grupo. Os resultados mostraram que houve variação quanto ao formato e contorno das células epidérmicas, presença, ausência e tipos de tricomas, tipo de mesofilo, posição e tipo de estômato, formato das células subsidiárias, organização do sistema vascular, ocorrência de células coletoras e estômatos geminados. Foi observado que as características anatômicas, quando utilizadas em conjunto, servem como uma boa ferramenta taxonômica na separação de gêneros e espécies de Rubiaceae.

Abstract Considering the importance of anatomical characters for delimiting Rubiaceae subgroups, the difficulties involved in identifying certain taxa and the lack of studies on that group in the semiarid region, this work aimed to characterize the anatomy of the leaves of 15 species belonging to the genera: Borreria (2), Cordiera (1), Eumachia (1), Hexasepalum (4), Mitracarpus (4), Richardia (1), Staelia (1), and Tocoyena (1) collected in the Serra Branca/Raso da Catarina Environmental Protection Area (Jeremoabo-BA, Brazil), and describe useful elements supporting the group’s taxonomy. Variations were found in the shapes and contours of epidermal cells, the presence/absence and types of trichomes, mesophyll type, stomatal type and position, subsidiary cell shapes, vascular system organization, and the occurrence of collector cells and twinned stomata. The results also demonstrated that the anatomical characteristics, when considered together, represent good taxonomic tools for separating the genera and species of Rubiaceae.

Resumo: O estudo e a caracterização da venação foliar representam uma possibilidade no reconhecimento de grupos taxonômicos, identificados predominantemente com base em caracteres reprodutivos. O presente estudo objetivou caracterizar o padrão de nervação foliar de Rubiaceae, reconhecer caracteres particulares dentre os táxons deste grupo e testar a utilização da arquitetura foliar como ferramenta taxonômica capaz de fornecer características diagnósticas vegetativas entre as espécies. Foram diafanizadas e classificadas as folhas de 14 espécies distribuídas em 8 gêneros de Rubiaceae na APA Serra Branca/Raso da Catarina. A caracterização das nervuras secundárias, incluindo tipo, espaçamento e número de pares, padrões de nervuras de terceira, quarta e quinta ordem, bem como a conformação das aréolas foram úteis para delimitar os táxons quando utilizados em conjunto, fornecendo subsidío para estudos mais abrangentes.

Abstract: The study and characterization of leaf venation plays a key role in the recognition of taxonomic groups that have been identified mainly based on reproductive traits. This study aimed at characterizing the pattern of leaf venation of Rubiaceae, recognizing individual characters among the taxa of this group and testing the use of leaf architecture as a taxonomic tool capable of providing vegetative and diagnostically characteristics between species. Leaves of 14 species distributed in eight genera from Rubiaceae were diaphanized and classified. The study area is located in Área de Proteção Ambiental Serra Branca/Raso da Catarina, Bahia State, Brazil. The characterization of secondary veins, including type, spacing and number of pairs, third veining patterns, fourth and fifth order, and the conformation of the areola were useful to delimit taxa when used together, providing subsidies to more comprehensive studies.

Resumen Introducción. El virus del Ébola, antes llamado fiebre hemorrágica del Ébola, es una enfermedad altamente contagiosa con mortalidad entre 50% y 90%, para la cual existen prometedoras opciones de tratamiento que se encuentran en fase de evaluación y uso compasional. Objetivos. Revisar la mejor evidencia médica publicada y analizar el comportamiento de las epidemias por virus del Ébola, sus manifestaciones clínicas, sus complicaciones, los elementos más significativos para su diagnóstico y las nuevas opciones terapéuticas disponibles, para así aprender y aplicar estas experiencias en nuevos brotes. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en las bases de datos PubMed, ProQuest, Embase, Redalyc, Ovid, Medline, DynaMed y ClinicalKey durante el periodo 2009-2017 en el contexto internacional, regional y local. Resultados. La revisión sistemática de artículos aportó un total de 51 430 registros, de los cuales 772 eran elegibles; de estos, 722 no eran relevantes, por lo que quedaron incluidos 50. A punto de partida se pudieron precisar los aspectos objeto de esta revisión. Conclusión. La enfermedad causada por el virus del Ébola, a pesar de su alta mortalidad, puede ser prevenida, diagnosticada oportunamente y tratada con efectividad, lo cual permite evaluar su impacto epidemiológico en las áreas endémicas y a nivel mundial. Existe un potencial arsenal terapéutico en fase de experimentación con resultados prometedores.

Abstract Introduction: The Ebola virus, also known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, is a highly contagious disease with mortality rates that range between 50% and 90%. There are promising treatment options that are currently under evaluation and compassionate use. Objectives: To review the best published medical material and analyze the behavior of Ebola virus outbreaks, clinical manifestations, complications, the most significant elements for diagnosis and new therapeutic options available, in order to learn and apply these experiences during new outbreaks. Materials and methods: A systematic search was carried out in the PubMed, ProQuest, Embase, Redalyc, Ovid, Medline, DynaMed and ClinicalKey databases during the 2009-2017 period in the international, regional and local context. Results: The systematic review yielded a total of 51 430 documents, of which 772 were eligible; of these, 722 were not relevant, and only 50 were included. Conclusion: Ebola virus disease, despite its high mortality, can be prevented, diagnosed promptly and treated effectively, which allows evaluating its epidemiological impact in endemic areas and worldwide. There are potential therapeutic tools under experimentation with promising results.

RESUMO Este artigo apresenta e discute três conjuntos de gravuras inéditas de Jean-Baptiste Debret (1768-1848) encontradas nas coleções do Département des Estampes et de la Photographie da Bibliothèque nationale de France, em Paris. O primeiro grupo foi gravado por Gilles-Antoine Demarteau (1750-1802) em 1802; os outros dois foram gravados por L. M. Petit entre c. 1810-1813, o Nouveau Recueil Élémentaire de Dessin e as Têtes d´étude d´après David. A pesquisa busca fazer uma filologia histórica dessas gravuras, discutindo questões de autenticidade, atribuição, finalidade e correspondência com obras semelhantes do período. A metodologia adotada foi a análise e a comparação de bibliografia sobre o tema, de documentos de época e o cotejamento das informações levantadas com os dados já conhecidos sobre a biografia do artista. Os objetivos principais deste trabalho são tentar compreender quais as particularidades dessas pranchas em relação a outros exemplares da mesma época, como essas imagens se inserem no contexto da produção de estampas didáticas no início do século XIX, e como a carreira francesa e brasileira do pintor pode ser reinterpretada a partir das informações colhidas e dos debates sugeridos.

ABSTRACT This article presents and discusses three sets of prints by Jean-Baptiste Debret (1768-1848) discovered at the Département des Estampes et de la Photographie of the Bibliothèque nationale de France, in Paris, and so far not yet published in Brazil. The first group was engraved by Gilles-Antoine Demarteau (1750-1802) in 1802; and the other two by L. M. Petit between c. 1810-1813, the Nouveau Recueil Élémentaire de Dessin and the têtes d´étude d´après David. The primary aim of this research is to produce a historical philology of these engravings, discussing topics related to authenticity, attribution, goals and correspondence to other similar works of the same period. Secondary aims encompass trying to understand the peculiarities of these plates, how do they fit into the context of pedagogical prints production at the beginning of the 19th century, and how its author’s French and Brazilian careers can be reinterpreted by the means of the new data and the suggested discussions. The adopted methodology was based on the analysis and confrontation of concerned bibliography, documents and information already known about the artist´s biography.

This paper presents the results obtained in the study of the thermal decomposition of diperoxide acid glutaraldehyde (DPAG) in methanol solution, to determine the parameters for activation and elucidate the reaction mechanism; the importance of this type of compound is because it has now been found to have pharmacological action as bactericidal, antitumour and as antimalarials. The reaction was carried out between 130.0 to 166.0 °C and initial concentration of 5.49 x 10-4 mol/L, it satisfies with a first order kinetic law to conversions peroxide ca. 50 %. Analysis of the reaction products and the parameter values activation contributes to postulate that the mechanism for thermolysis of DPAG in methanol solution begins with the homolytic cleavage of the peroxidic bond giving a biradical intermediate, which undergoes CO rupture giving glutaric acid and oxygen as final products.

En este trabajo se informan los resultados obtenidos en el estudio de la descomposición térmica del diperóxido ácido de glutaraldehído (DPAG) en solución de metanol para determinar los parámetros de activación correspondientes y dilucidar el mecanismo de reacción; este tipo de compuesto ha tomado importancia actualmente pues se ha comprobado que tienen acción farmacológica como bactericida, antitumoral y como antimalárico. La reacción se realizó entre 130,0 - 166,0 ºC y a concentración inicial de 5,49 x 10-4 mol/L, la misma cumple con una ley cinética de primer orden hasta conversiones del peróxido de ca. 50 %. El análisis de los productos de reacción y los valores del parámetro de activación contribuye a postular que el mecanismo para la termólisis del DPAG en solución de metanol comienza con la ruptura homolítica del enlace peroxídico produciendo un intermediario birradical, que sufre una ruptura CO resultando ácido glutárico y oxígeno.

A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out, in order to evaluate the nutritional state of 91 patients discharged from the General Surgery Service of "Saturnino Lora Torres" Clinical Surgical Teaching Provincial Hospital in Santiago de Cuba who had been treated with elective major surgery, during the triennium 2013-2015. There was a decrease of the patients with malnutrition and increase of the bioimpedance values, which constituted the most sensitive method to determine those patients affected with possibility of complications, because 89.5% of the malnourished cases had complications in the postoperative period. Also, the infection of the surgical site was the most frequent complication. It was concluded that malnutrition is an important problem for the operated patients and the most suitable methods for their nutritional evaluation are the corporal mass index, bioimpedance, as well as the global count of lymphocytes

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal, a fin de evaluar el estado nutricional de 91 pacientes egresados del Servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital Provincial Docente Clinicoquirúrgico "Saturnino Lora Torres" de Santiago de Cuba, quienes habían sido intervenidos con cirugía mayor electiva, durante el trienio 2013-2015. Se halló un decrecimiento de los pacientes con malnutrición y aumento de los valores de bioimpedancia. Esta última constituyó el método más sensible para determinar los afectados con posibilidad de complicarse, pues 89,5 % de los malnutridos tuvieron complicaciones en el periodo posoperatorio. Asimismo, la infección del sitio quirúrgico fue la complicación más frecuente. Se concluyó que la malnutrición es un importante problema para los pacientes operados y los métodos más idóneos para su valoración nutricional son el índice de masa corporal, la bioimpedancia, así como el conteo global de linfocitos

This work studied a new protocol for organogenic calli induction and characterization of the morphology and ultrastructure of callogenesis in leaf explants of Passiflora gibertii N. E. Brown, a native passion fruit species from Brazil. Calli induction was performed in different growth conditions (light and dark), different MS medium salt concentrations (MS and MS half strength) and the presence or absence of coconut water. The leaf explants maintained in the dark were more responsive to bud formation. In order to reduce spending on in vitro culture, the most suitable induction medium for P. gibertii organogenesis could, therefore be the MS half strength salt concentration medium maintained in the dark. The addition of coconut water to the culture medium was essential for both calli induction and bud formation. The morphological and ultrastructural features of the organogenic calli were isodiametric cells, characterized by an organized cellular system, nucleus with prominent nucleoli, presence of starch grains and dense cytoplasm rich in endoplasmic reticulum. The scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that buds were present on these calli.

RACIONAL: Um aspecto crucial do transplante hepático inter-vivos é o risco imposto ao doador, devido ser procedimento realizado em pessoa saudável, com possibilidade de alta morbidade pós-operatória. OBJETIVO: Correlacionar os achados de imagem do pré e intra-operatório dos doadores adultos vivos de fígado. MÉTODOS: No período de 2003 a 2008 foram revisados os prontuários de 66 doadores. Foram 42 homens (64%) e 24 mulheres (36%), com média de idade de 30 anos (± 8 anos). A anatomia pré-operatória foi analisada através de colangiografia por ressonância nuclear magnética para estudo dos ductos biliares e angiografia por tomografia computadorizada para artéria hepática e veia porta. Critérios de normalidade foram estabelecidos de acordo com estudos prévios da literatura. RESULTADOS: Variações anatômicas dos ductos biliares foram encontradas em 59,1% dos doadores; da artéria hepática em 31,8% e da veia porta em 30,3% dos casos no pré-operatório. A colangiografia por ressonância nuclear magnética apresentou achados concordantes em 44 (66,6%) doadores e discordantes em 22 (33,3%). Com relação à artéria hepática em todos os doadores os achados do exame de imagem foram concordantes com os do intra-operatório. Para a veia porta a tomografia computadorizada apresentou achados concordantes em 59 (89,4%) doadores e discordantes em sete (10,6%). CONCLUSÕES: As variações anatômicas dos ductos biliares são frequentes, com a colangiografia por ressonância nuclear magnética apresentando acurácia moderada (70%) na reprodução dos achados cirúrgicos; a tomografia computadorizada reproduziu os achados do intra-operatório da artéria hepática em 100% dos doadores, e reproduziu os achados intra-operatórios em 89,4% dos casos em relação à veia porta, apresentando acurácia elevada (89%).

BACKGROUND: A crucial aspect of living-donor liver transplant is the risk imposed to the donor due to a procedure performed in a healthy individual that can lead to a high postoperative morbidity rate AIM: To correlate the pre- and intraoperative hepatic imaging findings of living adult donors. METHODS: From 2003 to 2008 the medical charts of 66 donors were revised; in that, 42 were males (64%) and 24 females (36%), mean age of 30±8 years. The preoperative anatomy was analyzed by magnetic resonance cholangiography to study the bile ducts and by computed tomography angiography to evaluate the hepatic artery and portal vein. Normalcy criteria were established according to previously published studies. RESULTS: Anatomic variations of the bile ducts were found in 59.1% of donors, of the artery hepatic in 31.8% and of the portal vein in 30.3% of the cases during the preoperative period. The magnetic resonance cholangiography findings were in agreement in 44 (66.6%) of donors and in disagreement in 22 (33.3%). With regards to hepatic artery, in all donors the findings of the imaging examination were in agreement with those of the intraoperative period. As to the portal vein, the computed tomography findings were in agreement in 59 (89.4%) donors and in disagreement in seven (10.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The bile duct anatomic variations are frequent, and the magnetic resonance cholangiography showed moderate accuracy (70%) in reproducing the surgical findings; the computed tomography reproduced the intraoperative findings of the hepatic artery in 100% of donors, and of the portal vein in 89.4% of the cases, thus demonstrating high accuracy (89%).

En el presente estudio se ha generado una RRG que describe el proceso por el cual células madre de la cresta neural son cometidas hacia dos tipos de neuronas sensoriales (Propioceptores y Nocioceptores). Se ha encontrado también patrones de regulación (motifs) que actúan de manera cooperativa para el control de dicho proceso. Estos mismos motifs aparecen en etapas similares del desarrollo de eritrocitos a partir de células madre hematipoyéticas. Las RRG son susceptibles al modelamiento. Dada la complejidad de la RRG hallada, una red Booleana aleatoria (RBA) fue usada, la cual mostró componentes claves y la dinámica del proceso a través de cambios en las condiciones iniciales. Finalmente, los motifs fueron reflejados en el modelo, sugiriendo futuros estudios.

In the present study we have generated a GRN comprising the process by which neural crest stem cells develop to two types of sensory neurons (Propioceptors and Nocioceptors). We have also been able to find patterns of regulation (motifs) that act cooperatively to control such process. Surprisingly, these motifs take place in similar stages during the development of erythrocytes from hematopoietic stem cells. Regarding the complexity of the GRN found, we then used Random Boolean Networks (RBN) for this purpose, which showed key components as well as the dynamics of the process through changes in initial conditions. Finally, the motifs were reflected in the model, suggesting insights for further studies.